Development General Observation System

1. Importance development system

Development system means to arrange a new system to replace the old system in overall or to repair the system in used.

Any problems about the old system are :

1.1. That Troubleshoots Existence at Old One System

System are not operated on expectation

1.2. Organization Growth

Organization Growth to make arrange a new system. The old system are not effective. Because the old system can’t give information needed.

1.3. To reach opportunities

To competitive, the company must to used a technology. If not, the opportunity to reached by the competitor. The opportunities are market opportunity, costumer services, and so on.

1.4. Directives

To arrange a new system can be happen by instructions from director and external organization.

Any indicator can be used to saw the system need to developed is:

· Complain from the costumer

· Often delayed to send goods

· Wrong content report

· Not good files

· And so on

With to developed the new system, to hoped increased in that system. The increased are: PIECES (Performance, Information, Economy, Control, Eficiency and Services)

· Performance : increasing performance work and result

· Information : increasing the quality of information saw

· Economy : increasing out come benefit

· Control : increasing of control to detect any mistake/dishonest

· Efficiency : increasing the operation of efficiency (output/input)

· Services : increasing services to give by the system

2. The principle of development system

2. 1. System to developed for management

System must support the needed management

2.2. Development system is a big capital investment

The information system will be make need a lot of capital, especially to use the high technology.

Capital investment must to consider two things, are:

a. Investigate all of alternative

investigate all of alternative to establish thee best alternative

b. the investment must valued

2.3. A system to developed needed educational person

2.4. Step/process to development system

Before to develop system, must to make a work schedule there for a process of development system finished according to the planning.

2.5. The process of development system are not chronological

the process of development system to do by all together.

2.6. Don’t be afraid to cancel the project

The decision to continues or cancel a project must evaluated in carefully.

2.7. Tthe documentation must oriented on development system

3. Life Cycle development system

3.1. Regulatin and Planning of System (The Beginning pProject System)

3.2. System Analysis (Development System)

3.3. The General of Design System (Development System)

3.4. The Detail of Design System (Development System)

3.5. The Selection System (Development System)

3.6. The Implementation System (Development System)

3.7. The Maintenance System (The Management System)

4. The Development System Approached

Any approached to development system, are:

4.1. Classical approached vs. Structured approached (look by development method)

4.2. Piecemeal approached vs. System approached (look by development target)

4.3.Bottom-up approach vs. top-down approach (look by needed system method)

4.4. Total System approach vs. modular approach (look by development method)

4.5. Great loop approach vs. evolutionary approach (look by technology in used)

Classical Approach

Classical approach is approach insides system development that follow stages at system life cycle without supplied with tools and techniques.
Troubleshoots that can emerge from approach classic, that is:

1. Software development will be difficult.
Classical approach less give tools and techniques insides develop system and as finally software development process becoming not directional and difficult to done by programmer.
2. Treatment cost or system maintenance will be more expensive.
The expensive treatment cost at classical approach caused system documentation that developed less complete and less structured.
3. Big error possibility system.
System not test during the development stage is principal source from system errors. Classical approach doesn’t prepare to manner systems analysis to do testing system, so that system errors possibility will be bigger.
4. System success less well guaranted.
Emphasis from classical approach work from system developers staffs, not in system user. Because classical approach less involve system user in system development, so system user needs are less matching with the one which desirable and as finally system that applied less success.
5. System applications internal issue.
Because system user involvement under communication in system development stage, so only will know only in stage will applied. As finally system user will be startled and unaccustomed with bew system suddenly introduced.

1. Structured Approach

Structured approach equiped with tools and techniques that wanted in system development, so that end result from system that developed be got system the structure will be defined well and clear.

2.Piecemeal Approach Vs System Approach

Piecemeal approach
Piecemeal approach be to system approach development that emphasized at one particular activity or certain application. Activity that chosen, developed regardless of the position at information system or regardless of overall target from organization.

System approach

System approach pays information system as one integration unitary to each activity or the application. This approach also emphasized in overall goal achievement from organization, not only in that information target.

3. Bottom-Up Approach vs Top-Down Approach

Bottom-Up Approach

This approach begun from level under organization, that is begun from needs formulation to handle transaction and climb level on with formulate information need based on transaction. This approach also be feature classical approaches. Bottom-up approach is used in systems analysis stage is called also with data analysis, because that be pressure data that be cultivated before hand, information that be produced to follow to follow the data.

Top-Down Approach

This approach on the contrary begun from level on organization, that is begun with define target and organization policy. Step furthermore from this approach melakukannya information need analysis. After information is determined, so process goes to transaction processing, that is determination output, input, data base, operating procedure and control. This approach be feature from structured approach. Top-down approach when used in systems analysis stage called also with term desicion analysis, because that be pressure information that wanted for decision making by management beforehand, then data necessary cultivated to defined to follow information that wanted.

4. Total-System Approach vs Modular Approach

Total-System Approach

Total-system approach to be approach develop system together according to comprehensive. This approach less synchronized for complex system, because will be difficult be developed. This approach be feature classic approaches.

Modular Approach

This approach try to divide complex system to simple some part, so that system easier will be understood and developed. Furthermore consequence system can be developed bick of time that planned, easy understood by system user and easy to maintained. This approach be feature structured approaches.

5. Great-Loop Approach vs Evolutionary Approaches

Great-Loop Approach

This approach apply change comprehensive according to together use sophisticated technology. This change contains many risks, because computer technology so great-loop. This approach also too expensive, because need investment at the same moment for all technology that used and difficult to developed because too complex.

Evolutionary Approach

This approach apply sophisticated technology just for applications that need that moment and then be developed for periods next based on technology development. This approach causes investment not too expensive and can follow fast technology development.

System Development Methodology

Methodology is methods unitary, procedures, job concepts, rules and postulates that used by a science, art or discipline the other. Method is a manner, systematic technique to does a certain. System development methodology means methods, procedures, job concepts, rules and postulates that be used to will develop information system. Algorithm is sequence procedure to break a problem.
Classification based on existing methodology can classified to be three, that is:

1. Functional decomposition methodologies.

2. Data-oriented methodologies.

a. Data-flow oriented methodologies.
b. Data structure oriented methodologies.

3. Prescriptive methodologies.

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